1. Graphene Oxide (GO) in fertilizers:
Hydrophilic and rich in oxygen groups, making it ideal for binding nutrients and enhancing water interaction.
Key Benefits:
  • Improves nutrient loading and slow-release performance
  • Enhances water retention in the soil
  • Promotes plant root development and growth

2. Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) in fertilizers:
Offers a balance of high surface area and moderate reactivity, suitable for nutrient delivery systems.
Key Benefits:
  • Provides a controlled release of nutrients
  • Reduces nutrient loss from leaching or volatilization
  • Enhances microbial activity in soil

3. Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) in Fertilizers:
High surface area carriers of micronutrients and functional additives.
Key benefits:
  • Improve nutrient dispersion and absorption
  • Increased efficiency of trace element delivery
  • Strengthens plants' resilience to stress (e.g., drought, salinity).

4. Functionalized Graphene in Fertilizers:
Graphene modified with specific functional groups for better nutrient binding and soil interaction.
Key Benefits:
  • Enables precise nutrient targeting (N, P, K, or micronutrients).
  • Enhances compatibility with organic or bio-fertilizers
  • Supports environmentally friendly formulations

​Applications in Agriculture and Soil Management:

  • Slow-release and controlled-release fertilizers
  • Soil conditioners and moisture retention aids
  • Nano-enabled plant stimulants and micronutrient carriers
  • Eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fertilizers


Overall benefits:

  • Increased nutrient use efficiency (NUE).
  • Reduced environmental pollution from runoff and leaching
  • Enhance crop yield and quality
  • Support sustainable and precision agriculture practices